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Choudhry, R M, Hinze, J W, Arshad, M and Gabriel, H F (2012) Subcontracting Practices in the Construction Industry of Pakistan. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1353–9.

Cruz, N F d and Marques, R C (2012) Delivering Local Infrastructure through PPPs: Evidence from the School Sector. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1433–43.

Halman, J I M and Voordijk, J T (2012) Balanced Framework for Measuring Performance of Supply Chains in House Building. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1444–50.

Hanna, A S, Tadt, E J and Whited, G C (2012) Request for Information: Benchmarks and Metrics for Major Highway Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1347–52.

Inyang, N, Al-Hussein, M, El-Rich, M and Al-Jibouri, S (2012) Ergonomic Analysis and the Need for Its Integration for Planning and Assessing Construction Tasks. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1370–6.

Kikuchi, S, Kronprasert, N and Easa, S M (2012) Aggregate Blending Using Fuzzy Optimization. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1411–20.

Mostafavi, A, Valentin, V, Abraham, D M and Louis, J (2012) Assessment of the Productivity of Nighttime Asphalt Paving Operations. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1421–32.

Sullivan, K T and Oates, H D (2012) Analysis of Arizona’s LEED for New Construction Population’s Credits. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1386–93.

Tamer, Z, Yoon, Y and Hastak, M (2012) Protocol for Profitability Analysis Using Internal Entities in Organizational Structure of Construction Companies. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1394–402.

Taylor, T R B, Uddin, M, Goodrum, P M, McCoy, A and Shan, Y (2012) Change Orders and Lessons Learned: Knowledge from Statistical Analyses of Engineering Change Orders on Kentucky Highway Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1360–9.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Change orders; Data analysis; Statistics; Risk management; Constructability; Highways and roads; Kentucky; Change orders; Data analysis; Statistics; Risk; Constructability;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000550
  • Abstract:
    Although change orders occur on many construction projects, data examined in this paper suggest that many change orders can be avoided on roadway construction projects through improved project planning and scoping. Statistical analyses of change orders on 610 Kentucky roadway construction projects from 2005–2008 examined how the causes of change orders varied between construction versus maintenance projects, different road types (e.g., state highways, interstate, and county roads), and construction type (e.g., earth work, structures, and road surfacing). The research examined the risk posed by engineering change orders by measuring the frequency and average percentage change in project costs for different types of change orders. Although the relative impacts did vary by analyses, the leading causes of change orders within the state consistently included contract omissions, owner-induced enhancements, and contract item overrun. The paper’s primary contribution to the overall body of knowledge is the establishment of evidence that many high risk change orders on roadway construction projects can be avoided through improved front end planning, whereas avoidance of other change orders, such as fuel and asphalt price adjustments, are more challenging because they can be caused by rapidly changing market conditions. The results show not only distinctive trends that are useful for constructability reviews on future projects, but also identify the need for new directions in front end planning and project scoping to minimize change orders on highway projects.

Wibowo, A, Permana, A, Kochendörfer, B, Kiong, R T L, Jacob, D and Neunzehn, D (2012) Modeling Contingent Liabilities Arising from Government Guarantees in Indonesian BOT/PPP Toll Roads. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1403–10.

Zhang, D, Haas, C T, Goodrum, P M, Caldas, C H and Granger, R (2012) Construction Small-Projects Rework Reduction for Capital Facilities. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(12), 1377–85.